F 129 
.C95 S7 
Copy 1 



aaaef^i* 




c o 



iCCC 



l^cc^ 









Cl^-<£^" 



.^Cl'Ci 






cccrc:_ 



i^SrSf^ 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS. 






^^ f^f ^r f 









PRESENTED BY 



UNITED STATES OF AMEEIOA. 



C3 <5; cccc. 



2:C^<:; 



,-Clc'C 









a5^^^' 



c::^K^ c . <^ s 






<.^^ (..c • 



^<c<si_ 


















; <r: cH 






^ccz 



<<'-C d-d 

c<xe.dc 



crcicc; 









cg<: 



^^5< <rcr 






^Z^^<<lCc die <ZlO^. 
^"d V did ■ <3c ' 

r d" di '^ ■<» ' 



d<sd 






"d/d 
Cl<d 

^cdcd 

<dd: 

'dCl 



d?d 



Od 
dec 



? 



/-/■-it-V. /\A.^^- <-^'^l'<-^>—' "^Z 



1 



yL 



>~-y^. 



^"%M'^MUWS 



HISTORY 



OF 



^W 






fm 



tkwiwwiV ^^ 



W'Urf ^^ > V V* 



From 1800 to 1874. 



^^ 



HERALD PKINT, POET HENEY. 



^ 



v" 



'j C{/VnAA'>'y 



All 






HISTORY 



OF 




tt tt ttt tt' -^IflHv'^^ t ft I ' ^^Ii ^^ 



r% 



From 1300 to 1874. 



TO 

CHARLES F. HAMMOND, Esq., 

Who, for many years has been identified with the HistO' 

ry and Progress of Crown Point, this Httle 

work is respectfully dedicated 

By the Authob. 



TO THE EEADER: 

In writing the liistory of Old CrowTi Point, it carries^ 
me back to the scenes of my childhood, and creates a 
feeling of sadness mingled with pleasure ; but as it has 
been, either my good or bad fortune, to be an inhabitant 
of tliis town from my infancy, my memoi'y dates back 
to near the beginning of this century ; and it shall be my 
sole object and aim, while writing this history, to«show 
to the reader Crown Point as it Was, at my earliest mo- 
ments, and its rise and progress, from time to time, and 
the cause thereof, hoping, if he has the patience to fol- 
low me through these vicissitudes of hmnan life for three 
score years and ten, he never will be sorry for the pains' 
taken. 

The AtJTHOB^ 






CHAPTER I. 

liOcation of Crown Point— The Exploring Party— The Ehoads Hill and^beaTi- 
tiful prospects — The Encampment on the bank of Putt's Creek — Trout 
supper and breakfast — The return to Vermont — Return to Crown Point 
again — Cutting fallow, building log cabins and the removal — The fii-st 
store — The first school — My earhest education — Tlie old Himter and 
troutfishing — The first General Muster-The first hotel, dedication ball,etc. 

It is well authenticated in history that the lands in the 
most favorable localities along the shores of Lake Cham- 
plain, was cleared and settled by the French in the days 
of the French wars, and perhaps prior to that date ; and 
of com*se some of the lands on the immediate shores of 
the lake in Crown Point, were cleared and settled at the 
same time. But little was known of the interior of 
Crown Point, particularly the west part of the town, un- 
til about the year 1800, except reports from hunters and 
trappers, who roamed the forest in quest of wild game, 
of which the country then abounded. They reported 
there was a tract of beautiful settling land in Crown 
Point about ten miles square embracing Putnam's Creek 
and its tributaries within its limits, and that this tract of 
land was timbered with beautiful hard wood and well 
watered with never faiUng springs of the purest water ; 
together with the natural advantages of the country, 
made it a very inviting spot for young men of that day, 
•of strong nerve and will, who felt disposed to grapple 
with the old primeval forest. They also reported that 
immediately west and joining this ti'act of land were the 
fine old hills and mountain peaks of the Adirondaks sit- 
uated on the head-waters of the Hudson River, of which 
I will speak of more fully hereafter. 

This news circulated through the country and reached 



several of the New England States, and inspired a great 
many yoimg men of that day with a strong desire to see 
and explore the 'promised land,' as it was then called in, 
York State. At this time my father, Stephen Spaulding, 
resided in SaHsbmy, Yt. He among the rest caught 
the York fever, as it was then called, and started in com- 
pany with several others in September, 1800, to explore 
these lands. Their intention was to ascend every hill, 
and mountain within their reach until they found one 
that would overlook all the rest. After exploring the 
wilderness for two days, sleeping on the ground at night, 
the third day, late in the afternoon, found them on the 
summit of what is now known as tlie Rhoads Hill in 
Crown Point. From this lofty eminence they had a 
splendid view of the tract of land heretofore mentioned, 
a view of Lake Champlain for several miles in length, 
besides an extensive \dew into the state ot Yermont, and 
to use their own words, " it was splendid to behold." — 
After feasting their eyesight on this beautiful landscape 
to their satisfaction, they left the mountain and camped 
that night on the bank of Putt's Creek, at the place now 
known as Buck Hollow. A few minutes with hook and 
line secured them a bountiful trout supper, and they then 
laid down to rest. The next morning bright and early 
foimd them out with hook and line again, and ^fter a 
splendid breakfast of the speckled beauties they all wen- 
ded their way to their respective homes in Yermont. 

Well, time passed on till June, 1801, when my father 
in company with Abner Newton and Solomon Chase, re- 
turned to the wilds of Crown Point, built them a camp 
and worked together till each one had a fjillow cut of 
some three acres, then returned to Yermont. The next 
September found them in Crown Point again ; they 
burned tlieir fallows, and bv the assistance of each other 



and some other new beginners, who, by this time, had 
commenced in like manner for themselves, in a few days, 
each man had a comfortable log cabin, ready for the re- 
ception of their families, and the next February my fath- 
er moved his family, which consisted of his wife and three 
children, into his newly made home, myself being the 
yomigest child, but two months old at the time. From 
this time the emigration from Vermont and New Hamp- 
shire received a new impulse, and in the space of two 
years some forty families from these states had settled or; 
the wild lands in western Crown Point. At this period 
the lands were not surveyed or claimed by any one. In 
1805, Wni. Cockburn and Goldsbrow Bangor put in an 
appearance from Kingston, Ulster County, N. Y. They 
claimed the lands, surveyed them, and sold them to the. 
settlers at prices ranging from three to four dollars per 
acre. My father's lot proved to be Lot ISTo. 47 in Oock-r 
burn's Pattent, now owned by Edwin Floyd. 

I now come to my earliest remembrance, which was 
the sm-veying of those lands. It may not be amiss at 
this period to mention the names of some of the first 
settlers, viz : Israel Douglass, Stephen Spaulding, Ab- 
ner Newton, Solomon Chase, John Eastman, John Sis^ 
son, Joseph Lockwood, Ephraim Towner, Daniel Bas- 
com, Elisha Rhoads, Levi Phoads, Wm. Barrows, JosiaU 
Converse, Simon Hart, Abijah Nichols, Asa Nichols, 
Elder Lamson, Amos Lamson, Enos Lamson, Joseph 
Searles, John Chillis, Thomas Scott and others. 

For several years Elisha Rhoads kept a small store, 
made large quantities of potash, bought all the ashes he 
could of the new settlets, which was carefully saved by 
them while clearing their land ; this little item of trade 
was of essential benefit to the youthful settlement, 
Al)out this time a school was started ^and kept 1)y Mrs, 



Hhoads, in tlie same log room where tliey kept house and 
store also. Five little scholars, myself among the nmn- 
ber, all seated on a pine slab bench with round poles for 
legs, comprised the school and its fixtures, and that was 
the place where I first learned my A B 0. 

In the earliest days of the settlement an old hunter by 
the name of Comfort Towner, whose name is still fresh 
in the memory of the oldest inhabitants of the town, 
made his home at my father's for a year or more, and 
hunted for a living. I have heard him say that he killed 
some forty deer the first year, all within one mile of our 
house. I have often heard the report of the old man's 
Ions; gun near our clearing, and soon after see the old 
man emerge from the woods drawdng a stately deer be- 
hind him up to our door. Occasionally when the inhab- 
itants felt disposed to have a little luxury they would in- 
dulge in a trout fishing. My brother Miles, who was 
some five years my seinor, would go with the neighbor- 
ing boys and take me with them. We would go about 
a mile from our place in a southwest direction by the aid 
of marked trees, to the high falls on Putt's Creek, now 
known as Penfield's Grist Mill, and fish down stream as 
far as Rlioades' the distance of about one mile and would 
generally capture about thirty pounds of the speckled 
beauties, weighing from ^ to 1^ lbs. each. 

In 1806, the inhabitants were called on to do military 
duty. The towns of Schroon, Moriah, Ticonderoga and 
Crown Point were warned to appear armed and equpped 
on the sj)ot where Ilelan Buck now resides. Some 75 
or 80 men comprised the whole army. I siiw them 
march around among the sm'oking log heaps ; for the 
land at that time was in the process of being cleared. — 
I remember well when the sheriff brought a ballot box 
and some votes to my father and told him that he was 



appointed, with Samuel Foot and Alexander McKenzie^ 
to travel the regions of Crown Point all over, and col- 
lect every legal vote that could be found in town, and tc 
meet at McKenzie's on a set day and count them, etc 
This was accordingly done, and 44 votes was all that 
could be obtained. Since that time I believe there ha& 
been some place appointed to do the voting. 

I well remember of riding with my parents in a wag- 
on from the top of Army Hill to the lake, when there 
was but one house from that place to the widow Wilcox's 
— now Hammond's Corners — and not one from there to 
the lake, all woods ; for about half the distance is a hea- 
vy pine forest, and as we neared the lake the timber 
dwindled down to scrub oak bushes and small pines, and 
we could not see the lake until we wei*e within 30 rods 
of it, and at the time of which I speak Lake Champlain 
was about as desolate as the country around it. Some 
half a dozen sloops, perhaps as many more schooners 
comprised the entire craft of commerce on the lake, and 
not a wharf or warehouse to grace its shores from Essex 
to Wliitehall, and none of any importance when there. 
Steamboats and canals had never been thought of at this 
time. It took from four to twelve weeks then to get any 
communication across the Atlantic. A man can travel 
now to any part of the globe in the same number of 
hours that he could of days forty years ago. Perhaps 
the young reader may think we had no recreation in the 
olden time, if so he is much mistaken, for we had our 
share and just as good, and much cheaper then than now. 
I will cite one case : In 1807, Elisha Hhodes built a 
hotel and dancing hall ; the building still stands as a 
monument of early days and enterprise, and is known as 
the old Rookery at Buck Hollow. The building was 
finished in time for a New Year's ball, and the party as- 



!3embled,and as horses were almost miknown at that tune 
in the place, ox teams were brought into requisition, and 
which conveyed the blooming lads and lasses to and frorri 
the dance. One pair of oxen worth $75 or $80, would 
take along six or eight couple with ease, and a dollar or 
two pay the bill, whereas it now takes a $500 horse and 
ia $500 carriage to convey a single couple, any distance 
ever so short, and perhaps they don't weigh to exceed 
one hundred pounds each, and from $10 to $25 to pay 
their bill. 



CHAPTER II. 

The names of the first settlers in the east and central part of the town — The 
first mills, 2d, etc. — The methods and means of the inhabitants to pro- 
ciu'e an honest Uving — The Algereens — The trip to Whitehall — The cold 
season of 1816, the famine of 1817, and the Riiffering of the inhabitants 
— A bountiful harvest, the clouds of gloom and soitow pass away. 

Names of the first inhabitants in the east and central 
part of the town — Robert Walker, Aaron Townsend, 
George and Alexander Trimble, the Barnetts, Murdocks, 
the Brooks, James Morrow, Sam'l Foot, Dennis Megar, 
Andrew Hardy, the Heustices, Crossmans, Bigelows, 
Drakes, Davises, Rogers, Hildreths, Newells, Stantons, 
Strongs, Kings, John Ranne, Elijah Grosvenor, and oth- 
ers, and Rodolphus Field the first Physician. 

James Morrow built the first mills, kept the first Inn 
and store at Crown Point Centre, about the year 1800. 
In 1810, Allen Peufield, an •enterprising young man of 
some means, from Pittsford, Vt., built a grist and saw 
mill, at what is now known as Irondale, to which prop- 
erty he made large additions, and retained it within 



9 



liis name, till the day of his death, aged 87 years. In 
1811, Ebeiiezer Hopkius erected a grist and saw mill one 
mile farther down the stream at what is now known as 
Buck Hollow. These mills, althongh of the cheapest 
construction, were of the greatest importance to the 
youthful settle^nent. 

From this period nothing of importance occurred to 
marr the peace and quietude of the people, till the war 
ot 1812. During that war reports were frequently cir- 
culated that the enemy were on their way from Canada 
through the vast wilderness that lies between this settle- 
ment and the Canada line, for the purpose of getting 
possession of tlie old fort on Lake Champlain. These 
reports were believed by many, and caused a great many 
sleepless nights among the timid portion of the inhabi- 
tants, and that was all it amounted to. 

I will now pass along to September, 1814, when we 
had an alarm, that the nation felt. Al)out 9 o'clock P. 
M. the alarm reached town ; horses and men were run- 
ning all night long, from house to house, and every per- 
son that could bear arms was warned to appear the next 
morning by the rising of the sun at the principal places 
in their respective towns throughout the country. The 
call was promptly obeyed, for sun rise found every man 
at his post. This was truly an exciting time ; here could 
be seen people of all ages and conditions, from the old 
frosty head of eighty winters or more, down to the in- 
fant in its mothers arms. Here were men and women 
of all ages, assembled together, all one common family 
and one common cause. Here was borrowing and lend- 
ing guns, hats, coats, boots and money, anything to help 
the cause or facilitate the march. One old man by the 
name of McAully, a cripple from birth, lent his hat and 
coat and offered to lend his crutches. About 10 o'clock 



10 



file start was made for Plattsburgli, and all sworn to 
iiglit for tlieir country's cause. There was a few days at 
home of suspelise and uncertainty. All kinds of stories 
were in circulation in regard to the enemy's advance, but 
the most reliable information was favorable to our cause. 
The battle was fought on Sunday the 11th of Septem- 
ber, but the result of the battle we did not know till the 
Tuesday following. Still near enough to hear the report 
of their gnus, booming along our shores and vibrating 
acjainst our mountains: the next Tuesday with a fair wind 
Captain Archibald Smith, of A¥hitehall, sailed up the 
lake with his sloop and scattered the welcenfe news along 
the eager shores of old Champlain. 

This news spread like wild-fire back into the country 
around, and for a few days lal)or was partially sus- 
pended, and the time spent in the exchange of congrat- 
ulations and hilarity. 

From that time the people had no more fears from the 
^wlrs, and they returned to the peaceable pursuits of life. 
I Avill here say to the generation of the present day you 
little know of the hardships, trials and sufferings that the 
pioneers undergo in settling a new country, in preparing 
the ground, so that the next generation can harvest the 
crop. At the time of vdiicli I am writing, there was not 
one half land enough cleared in town for the support of 
the inhabitants in it, and of course the deficiency must 
be made up some other w%ay. You would of course ask 
the question, "How did the people live ?" l*fo branch of 
enterprise in town w^hereby they could earn the honest 
dollar any better way than to go into the old primeval 
forest, cut down the massive trees, burn them into ashes 
and then manufacture them into potash, then cany the 
potash to Yermont and sell it to some speculator who 
would always buy at some price. At the best this was a 



11 



liard way to earn a dollar, but some took this method, 
while others in the winter season made shingles, staves, 
brooms, ba,skets, hay rakes, and all other wooden wares 
were manufactured and marketed in Vermont. Large 
quantities of maple sugar were annually made, and tons 
on tons of it has been transported on men's backs ±rom 
Crown Point to Yermont, and either sold or exchanged 
it for something that they stood in need of, and when the 
season of haying commenced the early settlers in Grown 
Point would turn out, almost to a man, and go and help 
Yermonters cut their grass and grain. All this trade 
and traffic between the two states was no doubt a bene- 
fit to both parties at this date. 

Yermont was several years in advance of New York 
in the improvements on their farms, and some of the 
leading ones felt their importance considerably and gave 
their wild neighbors the appellation of Algereens, so that 
it became a common saying among themselves as their 
harvest drew near, that plenty of Algereens would be 
along from York State by the time tlieir services were 
needed. But it so happened of late that several of the 
young Algereens had stepped across the state line and 
bought up many of their best possessions, and told the 
old occupants to go their way in peace and sin no more. 

In 1813, when the United States troops were station- 
ed in Whitehall, but as often called Skeenesborough at 
that time, a speculation was discovered and set in motion 
by such of the inhabitants as had by this time got a little 
ahead in the world and of some of their neighbors, the 
plan was to charter a scow, load it with the surplus pro- 
ducts, take it to Wliitehall and sell it to the soldiers. — 
Accordingly a scoav was hired of Sam'l Kanne, the fer- 
ryman. The produce was hauled to the lake, and put on 
board the craft ; the cargo belonged to some ten or twelve 



12 



different men, and consisted of potatoes, onions and all 
kinds of garden sance ; doAvn to sqnaslies, mellons, and 
cucnmbers ; not forgetting tlie butter, cheese, and honey : 
as each man chose to be his own snper-cargo : this fur- 
nished the vessel with plenty of back-woods sailors, and 
as none of them had ever been drowned, they did not 
fear the water ; by the aid of a few bed blankets and a 
good north breeze, they set sail for Whitehall, about the 
first of October, and as none of them had ever been far- 
ther south than old Ti, they occasionally had to enquire 
the way ; they had no other difficulty in finding the place 
of their destination, which they reached the next day. 
Late in the afternoon, they sold their cargo, to good 
advantage to the troops, and purchased such articles as 
desired. And after strolling about the City, for a day 
or so to see its wonders, the Elephant and soforth, they 
returned, I believe the same route, by which they went, 
and after about a weeks absence reached home in safety ; 
where they could sit by their own fire-sides, and tell their 
families and neighbors, of the wonders, Avhich they saw, 
in Whitehall. One of the party by the name of Seaver, 
who always admired a good horse, said " he had no idea, 
that they had such fine horses in the Southern States, 
until he went there and saw them himself." From this 
time till 1816 the inhabitants followed their usual voca- 
tion of improving their lands &c., until they were called 
to experience the greatest calamity that can befall a na- 
tion. The cold summer of 1816 vnll be fresh in the 
minds of all who lived at that time, and were old enough 
to remember it. It extended all over the United States, 
and Europe ; the smi did not seem to posess any more 
heat than it does in November, and the weather was cold 
and chilly, ice was formed in every month in the year in 
some localities ; flurries of snow were frequent. I re- 



member the 8th day of that June, the snow fell more 
than half an inch deep, and the fields were white as far 
as the e3^e could see, but it soon disappeared, the wea- 
ther was cold and dry, yet a little corn and potatoes 
w^ere raised, in some favorable localities, but not one 
fourth of the amount required for the use of the inhabi- 
tants, saying nothing about the dumb beasts, and some- 
thing must be saved for seed another season, at length 
the dreaded time arrived, the summer of 1817, when 
starvation stared them full in the face ; the poeple did 
the best they could, w^hat could they do more. Some 
families who w^ere quite well to do in the world, lived 
without briead many days, and for the poorer classes it 
was still harder ; there were a few cases, and very few, 
where some fortunate man had a little surplus of old 
grain on liand, it was spared and divided among the peo- 
ple as long as it lasted, but at exorbitant prices ; it made 
but little difference wdiether a man had money or not, 
the bread was not in the land ; I have seen the silent 
tears roll down the face of the child, the parent, and 
the grandparent, all under the same roof, because they 
had no bread; these were times that tried the human soul. 
The question arises, how did the people live? Well they 
had cows, the streams were full of fish, and the woods, 
with game, the fields and mountains furnished an abun- 
dance of berries in their season, and in some cases when 
one meal was finished a family council was held, to 
devise something for the next; this being done, each one 
would start off hoping to find their share of it. I have 
been mentioning some extreme cases, but this was not 
the situation of the j)eople in general, but one thing is 
certain there was not much boasting about it; the ripening 
fields were daily watched, and as soon as it could be 
done, the ripest heads were picked and carefully shelled 



14 



and cleaned L_y hand, and cooked into some kind of 
pudding which satisfjed the gnawing hunger and made a 
good substitute for bread, a bountiful liarvest was gath- 
ered, every one had bread and to spare, and the clouds 
of gloom, which had so long enshrouded the land, gradu- 
ally arose and passed away, like the sullen clouds after 
the departed storm, A tew days since while collecting 
some statistics for this history, I called on Mr. John 
Obei", a venerable old man of 82 summers, a man of 
truth and veracity, who told me some of his hardships 
and sufieriugs, during this trying season. He then had 
a young family and was on a new farm; I will give you 
his story as near as I can, in his own words; he said, "I 
got completely up a stump, I heard that Col. Howe of 
Shoreham, had some flour to sell, I took 96 lbs., of 
potash in a bag, and my father took 45 lbs., in another, 
and we started tor Shoreham 12 miles distant, about sun 
rise, and when we had got within about three miles of 
CoFs., my father gave out, and I took his load in addi- 
tion to my own, and carried it the rest of the way, we 
sold our potash, bought our flour and started for home 
again; I had the flour of two bushels of wheat, and ten 
pounds of coarse flour of my own, and father had what 
flour liis potash came to, and we had not got more than 
half-way home, before my father gave out again, then I 
took his load in addition to my own and carried it home 
arriving after midnight. I tell you, the next day we 
were pretty tired and sore." It is pleasant to know that 
Mr. Ober has a competence in his old age, and surround- 
ed by a large family of kind children, to smooth his path 
to the grave. His neighbors like to listen to his tales of 
truth and sorrow, as they fall from the lips of one of the 
early pioneers who settled the back wilderness of old 
Crown Point. This case was only one of the many of a 



similar nature, but the actors in the drama liave mostly 
passed away, with only now and then one left to tell the 
sorrowful story. Peace be to their ashes. 



CHAPTEK III. 

llie Champlain Canal, and the new era of light that daTVned on the valley 
of Lake Champlain— Col. Howe builds the great dam. Incidents rela- 
tive thereto — The people begin to think the desolate and wortliless re- 
gions of the Adi-iondacks, may yet be turned to some account. Building 
the fii'st saw-mill among the Adriondacks, names of the proprietors, 
incidents relative to raising the fli'st mill &c., 

In 1818, the Champlain Canal was commenced and 
finished so far in 1819 that water communication was 
open for canal boats, between the Hudson river and Lake 
Champlain. By this enterprise new business was opened 
to this entire region, the spirit of enterprise awoke and 
set the ball in motion. An intrinsic value was placed on 
the vast wilderness of the Adrondacks, as well as on the 
ores and minerals of which the country abounded, these 
long neglected regions, began to be explored by men of 
enterprise in search of sites for manufacturing Lumber, 
Iron, &c.. In 1819 the first enterprise of the kind was 
commenced among us. Col. Job L. Howe from Shore- 
ham, Vt, built the famous dam across Putts creek at what 
is now Wymans low^er mills ; he employed about fifty 
men the whole season and kept a small store from which 
he entirely paid his help. A good chopper received 62^ 
cents per day, and a man with an ox team, one dollar 
per day. Then we paid one dollar for three yards of cot- 
ton shirting the same for calicos, and all other things in 
proportion; we sometimes thought the Col. rather steep 



IS 



in his prices, as he only hud to go to Middlebury for his 
goods, but I suppose it was about as well as he could do 
by us ; at any rate it was as well as we could do ; there 
was no striking in those days for higher wages or better 
times, the men were glad to find a chance to work on 
almost any terms. It was my fortune at that time to drive 
an ox team, for six weeks drawing logs and timber for 
that dam; the Col. subsequently built several other mills 
which were supplied by this dam, which were in oppera- 
tion for several years to his advantage, and the common- 
wealth of Crown Point and vicinity. In 1821, the first 
Co., was formed for lumbering purposes among the Adi- 
rondack mountains. It consisted of the following getle- 
men, Deacou Allen Pcnfield, Dea. Phineas Wilcox, Dea. 
Ebenezar Hopkins, and John Pressy, who was very far 
from being a deacon. 

They purchased a small site, and a quantity of pine 
timbered land, on Paradox tract, at the place now known 
as the old Dudly mill, on Paradox creek ; at that time I 
worked for deacon Wilcox, and went ^vith the rest of the 
company about a dozen in all some four miles into the 
wilderness, to make a beginning. A sight was selected 
and all went to work in earnest, to clear a spot for the 
house and mill, we had worked about five minutes when 
our title was disputed by a party numbering about i.a 
hundred to one of us, we all beat a hasty retreat, but 
soon returned equiped with fire brands, and torches, and 
soon vanished the foe, which proved to be nothing more 
nor less than a nest of black hornets; this is very fresh in 
my memory for I got my full share of the sensation pro- 
duced at the time. A spot was soon cleared and a house 
erected, we then proceeded to fall and hew timber for the 
mill, which in four weeks was ready for raising, a gener- 
al invitation was given to the inhabitants in town, and 



17 



vei'y generally accepted. They were elated with the 
thoughts of having something like business going on in 
their midst, where they could find employment near home 
at a specified time. About forty men turned out to raise 
that portion of the mill which was not finished the first 
day, consequently they must stay over night ; well there 
was enough to eat and drink; the reader must understand 
this occurred in days of yore, when bread was consider- 
ed to be the staff of life, and whiskey, life itself ; when 
good fellows were plenty, but good templars rather 
scarce. The proprietors liad furnished two large three 
gallon jugs of whiskey for the raising; it was understood 
that one v:as to be spared for the second day, the other 
was finished at a late hour the first night. The evening 
passed away pleasantly, each in turn telling stories, and 
singing such songs as were suitable on such an occasion, 
all then turned in for rest. The next morning found all 
on our feet, ready for a little whiskey, but to our aston- 
ishment the jug \vas gone, whiskey and all; some one had 
stolen and carried it away; here was a great dilemma and 
long faces by the dozen, everything as silent as the tomb, 
except the birds in the trees, which seemed to raise their 
notes higher than ever, and rejoice at our calamity; I sup- 
pose it was because they had no use for whiskey. Still 
no one knew anything about the lost jug, but from some 
immistakable signs suspicion rested on one of our num- 
ber by the name of Parker, an old soldier ; who was 
told very promptly to produce the jug, or take the beach 
wythe, so he provided himself with a forked stick or 
mineral rod used in searching for minerals, and after lin- 
ing and cross lining for some time the spot was centered 
and the jug found, here we were every man, deacons and 
all, following the old soldier around searching in every 
nook for the lost treasure. There was another chano-e. 



JS 



tlie whole company vociferously shouting which was 
answered by the owls, every face as bright as the rising 
sun ; now for the sake of a little variety, I will turn the 
crank of my poetry machine, once or twice to see if we 
can produce a rhyme in honor of this occasion, and here 
it comes ; 

The Heavens wept, the earth rejoiced 

And Hell was very friskey, 
That after two hours faithful search, 

We found the jug of w^hiskey. 

Well, to shorten my story the mill was raised, and the 
whiskey draidv, and after partaking of a sumptuous dinner 
of pork and l)eans provided by the noble firm, all left 
for their respective homes in high spirits thinking we 
did honor to ourselves and justice to the firm- 



CHAPTER IV. 

Howe's mill Boon changed owners and passed into the hands of Ham- 
mond's Co., — Their prosperity and the advantage it was to the inhabi- 
tants. — About this time Buck & BaUey came into town sold goods, 
manufactured lumber, &c., — Several other mills were built by different 
parties. — Penfield & Taft, manufactm'ed lumber for southern market. 

Howe's mill soon changed owners, and passed into the 
hands of Hammonds & Co., who laid the foundation for 
their extensive lumbering enterprise, which they prose- 
cuted with the utmost zeal and perseverance for about 
40 years ; they also built several other mills and bought 
large additions to their former purchases, until they 
could travel some ten miles in different directions on 
their own lands ; which proved to be a source of great 
Wealth to them ; as their profits were only known to 



19 



themselves it is sufficient to stiy they made their pile hon- 
estly and at the same time it gave employment to every 
man in town who was disposed to work ; especially in 
the winter season ; and has been one of the principal 
main-springs to the prosperity of Crown I'oint. 

About this time Buck & Bailey came in town, opened 
a store, and began lumbering operations ; they bought 
large tracts of pine timber, built mills, and for 10 years 
manufactured large quantities of lumber for the south- 
ern market When the company dissolved partnership 
their property came into the hands of Hiram & Helan 
Buck, who subsequently sold their lumbering interest and 
gave their Mtention to agriculture, land spculations, &c. 

■During the next five years several other parties built 
mills and manufactured lumber on a smaller scale, viz.: 
Allen Breed, Ephraim Towner, M. & S. Spaulding ; 
Spear & Eusist, Wright & Pond, Wm. & H. Phelps, 
Johnathan Breed, Rhoads, Stratten, Brown, &c., 

All of these operations, although small when com- 
pared with larger ones, gave employment to a number of 
men ; and of course has been some advantage to the town. 
Penfield & Taft operated at Ironds-le, and manufactured 
large quantities of lumber for the southern market, get- 
ting their logs from the Adirondack mountains for sever- 
al years. In 1834, Taft sold his interest to Penfield, 
since then the firm has been known as Penfield & Har- 
wood, of whom I will say more hereafter. 

Irondale Iron works are situated six miles west of the 
Lake, upon Putnam's Creek, which afibi-ds the motive 
power. The forge now contains four fires, one 

wooden helve hammer, weighing one thousand eight 
hundred pounds, and two wheels which were erected in 
1828. It] was^until recently owned by Penfield & Har- 
wood, who have sold their entire interest to J, & T^ 



20 



Hammond, of Crown Point. The forge consumes eliar- 
coal, which is principally burnt in covered kilns about 
four miles from the works in the west part of Ticonder- 
oga. Ore from the bed of the company, located about 
fiv^e miles from the works, among the Adirondacks, is 
used in the forge. It manufactures blooms and bars; 
tlie iron made in this forge has established the highest 
reputation. This statement is sustained. by the fact that 
in 1829 the company received an order from the govern- 
ment for a large quantity of their iron to be fabricated 
into chain cables for the navy ; it is extensively used for 
the fabrication of fine ware, and at Pittsbm-g it is used 
for making cast steel; the com]:)any have a separator near 
their works in which the ore is prepared for the forge; it 
is stated that two tons of separated ore yields a ton of 
Iron; the annual amount manufactured at this forge, is 
about five hundred tons, there are a saw mill and grist 
mill standing a few rods below the iron works and own- 
ed by the proprietors. Other minor industrial pursuits 
of Crown Point, embraced at the centre village three 
miles from the lake, viz. a tannery, woolen factory, grist 
mill and saw mill, tub and barrel factory, and wheel 
Wright shop; one mile below are a sash and door factory 
and a pail and tub factory; still nearer the Lake are a 
grist and saw mill and wheel wright shop, all these 
works stand upon Putnam's creek, a small stream already 
mentioned. 

Crown Point Iron Company's furnace : This work is 
situated ten miles west of Crown Point landing and was 
owned by that company consisting of J. & T. Hammond 
& E. S. Bogue, until recently E. S. Bogue sold his in- 
terest to J. & T. Hammond. A furnace was built on 
that site in 1845, burnt down in 1865, and immediately 
rebuilt. The stack is 42 feet high and nine feet 



21 



across the boshes. It was a charcoal hh\st furnace ; the 
escape heat being used for generating steam for running 
bhast, stamping ore, sawing coal brands and grinding 
feed ; 6,500 tons of ore and 650,000 bushels of charcoal 
were used annually, producing 3,500 tons of pig iron. 
During the last eight years the furnace was in operation 
only about three fourths of the time, owing to the insuf- 
ficient supply of coal, which was burnt in kilns. The 
ore was taken from a bed owned by the company, one 
mile distant from the works, and the lime from a quarry 
about the same distance. This furnace has been peculi- 
arly successful in its manner of operation and the quality 
of iron produced . Since the establishment of the Bes- 
samer steel works at Troy, a large portion of the iron 
from this furnace has been purchased by that institution. 
The harder and higher qualities secure a constant market 
from the manufactories of malable iron. In consequence 
of it being made from charcoal, which became so scarce, 
this furnace was allowed to run down some three years 
ago, and has been burnt down since. The old stack still 
stands a monument of early enterprise, healthfully en- 
sconced among some half dozen high barren peaks of 
the Adirondack mountains. 



CHAPTER Y. 

Vennont loses her Algereens, becomes very friendly to its. — A short trip 
on Lake Champlain. 

The early inhabitants of Crown Point were chiefly 
emigrants from Vermont and ISTewhamp shire ; who 
brought their habits of industry, religion and politics 
with them. They have mostly passed away, only now 



22 



and then one left to tell the story. Their offsprings arc 
now the principal inhabitants of the town, and many of 
them business men and not entirely ignorant of a pio- 
neers life in a new country. They have inherited the 
habits of industry and frugality, and generally have a 
competence, and are above want. 

About the year 1821 they turned their attention to 
agricultural pursuits, more than ever, and found them- 
selves well rewarded. In the winter season they hauled 
lumber, iron and iron ore to the lake, earning a hundred 
or two dollars, so that after defraying contingent expenses 
had something left for pin money : and here is where 
Vermont lost her Algereens. Still we respect our Ver- 
mont neighbors, because they frequently came and help- 
ed us haul our lumber, iron and iron ores to the Lake. 
I greatly respect old Vermont, for I was born there, 
and as Stephen A. Douglas once said, "it was a noble 
state to be ]:)orn in, providing he emigrated very yoimg." 

Now if the reader -will accompany me, we will take a 
little sail on old Lake Champlain. We will first take a 
look at tlie old garrison on long point, whose old grey 
walls stand as monuments of wars one hundred and thir- 
ty years ago ; when France and England, two mighty 
nations beyond the wide Atlantic were strugling with 
each other for their respective claims for possessions in 
this North American wilderness, the histoiy of which is 
too well known for me to make many comments. After 
leaving the old Fort we will move along up the Lake, and 
observe the scenery along the western shore. There 
stands a beautiful light house, erected by the govern- 
ment, to aid the mariners who may navigate these waters 
in the night ; and further along behold those splendid 
farms and beautiful residences of the Murdocks,Trimbles, 
JBarnetS;, Hunters, and Breeds ; all early settlers of this 



town. Kovp" we come to Wolcott's ferry, and the moutk 
of old Pntts creek, which after leasing its source, and 
turning 101 water wheels it silently lands its wearied 
waters in the bosom of the Lake ; half a mile further 
on we arrive at Gunnisons wharf, ware house, steamboat 
landing and ferry ; ' the ware house is filled wdth barrels, 
boxes, crates, &c., all destined to their several owners 
back in the country around. Now walk up this little 
bank, and look there. Oh ! what a change — I stood on 
this identical spot 68 years ago ; not a building could be 
seen west of here, nothing but a forest, I now behold a 
broad, handsome street, wdth a row of splendid white 
buildings on either side, and among the rest, the first 
house that was' ever painted in this town. It was built 
in 1814, by Wm. Livingston, Esq, and now occupied by 
Wm. Scott. Now step with me into Gunison's spacious 
and splendid Hotel, and take a glass of Saratoga water 
with the good old deacon, and then move along to Ham- 
monds wdiarf, and what do we behold ; massive piles of 
iron, iron ore, lumber, brick and stone, and more than a 
hundred laborers at work putting those materials togeth- 
er ; we also see a canal extending some 40 rods inland, 
with a steam boat and several canal boats in it, on en- 
quiry, we are told that Crown Point Iron Company are 
building two extensive furnaces here and they are also 
building a rail-road from this place 13 miles west to their 
mines back among the Adirondack mountains where un- 
told millions of wealth still lie hidden in the bosom of 
the earth; of this I will say more hereafter. We will now 
go to the lofty summit of the Rhoad's hill, and stand on 
the spot where the old pioneers stood seventythree years 
ago, and view the scenery before us; oh, what a splendid 
panorama lies at our feet, the ten miles square of wilder- 
ness mentioned in the commencement of this history lias' 



24 



been turned into Iriiitful fields or farms well cultivated^ 
with orchards, yards and gardens, and on almost every 
farm we can behold a large wliite dwelling which indica- 
ted the place where comfort dwells; they are now enjoy- 
ing all the blessings ot civilization, peace and plenty ; 
here we have extensive views of Yermont scenery, hei* 
old green mountains as green as ever, arable land has 
been generally well cultivated, and the inhabitants are 
wealthy and respectable, and can boast of its being a 
land of steady habits. Now as we shorten the angle of 
vision and look at old Champlain once more where in 
the early days of this history, you would scarcely see a 
craft in motion, now" the beautiful Lake is dotted all over 
with commercial crafts of almost every description, mov- 
ing to and fro; the commerce of Lake Champlain now 
large is every year augmented. The luml)er the ore the 
Iron, fabrics of the north, combined Math the grain and 
flour of the west, the coal and merchandise from the 
South constitute a vast trade ; to their domestic resources 
may be added the productions of Canada, which seek a 
market by this avenue, and the goods chiefly bonded that 
pass into the dominion from American ports, and much 
of which is returned under fresh entries all swelling this 
immense internal commerce. Numerous Canadian ves- 
sels designed for the navigation of the St. Lawrence are 
really distinguishable from American by their peculiar 
structure and appearance, reach the waters of Cham- 
plain via Chamblee canal; vessels from the upper Lakes 
are frequently observed in our harbors. A large class 
of the population contiguous to the Lake are connected 
with its navigation. 



25 



CHAPTER VI. 

Cliiu-ches, stores, manufactories, &c.— Ores, when and by whom discovered. 
The first Iron manuf actm-ed in Crown Point and by Avhom. 

There are four clinrclies in town, tliree of which are 
well attended, the fourth is an old affair and only occu- 
pied occasionally ; six dry-goods and grocery stores, one 
druggist store, one hardware, two of stoves, tin, and 
sheet iron, one Tannery, one sash, door, blind, tub, and 
pail factory, three flouring mills, five saw-mills, three 
harness makers, two furniture stores, four hotels, and a 
goodly number of blacksmiths and shoemakers shops, 
and two physicians ; which speaks Vi^ell tor the health of 
the place. The old iron companies ore bed was first dis- 
covered by Timothy P. Hunter in 1821, while hunting 
for bees; he b'rought some small specimens from the bed 
in his pocket, wliich he exhibited to his friends who kept 
it secret for about two years, at length it leaked out, and 
the location was generally known; it never benefited Mr. 
Hunter, he lived and died a poor man. Miles Spaulding 
and Otis Bradford were the first men that opened said 
bed, and took therefrom some 8 or 10 hundred pounds 
of ore, which they carried in bags on their backs through 
the wilderness over one mile to a road where a team 
could be had, which hauled it to Ticonderoga where it 
was tested, and pronounced genuine, but through the 
treachery of some of their confidential friends, this their 
chance for a fortune was lost, and also their labor. 

The Penfield bed so called, but now owned by the 
Crown Point company, and was discovered in 1826, by 
a boy named Reuel L. Cram while hunting for partidge, 
taking hold a small bush to help himself up the moun- 
tain steep, the bush became detached from the rock and 
there lay the shining ore; he carried some specimens of 



26 



it to his father, who was fortunate enough to own the 
land, and opened the bed ; he subsequently sold it to 
Penlield & Taft. Reuel Cram now resides in Pembroke, 
N.H. The Sax and Flojd bed was discovered by Samuel 
Renne in 1818 and opened by liim 1822, quantities of it 
were taken to Plattsburg and manufactured into hollow 
ware; it has been mixed with other ores and worked to 
good advantage but of late has been allowed to rest; the 
iron business of Crown Point is destined to become a 
source of national wealth,it was initiated by John Ranne 
Esq., in 1823, in a small forge near Crown Point centre 
on the exact site where Shearer's wheel-wright shop now 
stands ; he obtained most of his ore from Cheever mine 
and occassionaly used some of the Sax and Floyd ore but 
used the Penfield ore after itB discovery. 



^- « — a i» i» 



CHAPTER VII- 

Tlie Wliiteliall and Plattsbui-g Raili-oad.— The people of Northern N. Y. ela- 
ted with the Governor's promise. — The town was bonded for $50,000 in 
aid of the Rail Road. — Contributions, and by whom. Rail Road built 
from Port Henry to Ticonderoga.— The Whitehall & Plattsbui-g Rail 
Road leased to Vermont Central. The Vermont Central sells the lease 
to the N. Y. & Canada R. R. Co. 

The AVhitehall and Plattsburg Railroad was surveyed 
in 1861 and work was commenced Feb. 20th, 1869, on 
the banks of Putts Creek. A petition was presented to 
the Legislature askingfor $500,000 to aid in the construc- 
tion of the said road, $250,000 were granted ; Gov. Fen- 
ton signed the bill, promising to sign another bill the 
next year if he was re-elected, and it passed both houses 
of the Legislature; this promise elated the people of 
northern New York, who had always been shut out from 



27 



the outside world during the winter months. He was 
consequently re-elected by the vote of thousands of his 
political enemies. Another bill passed the Legislature 
to give -another $250,000 to aid the construction of said 
road, but was vetoed by the Governor. But we do not 
think it worth while to waste time and paper in writing 
his eulogy, we only say he is like the dutchman's coon dog 
■■ — good to tree the coon and bark at his master; the town 
was then bonded to the. amount of $50,000 to aid in 
building the road, but was strongly opposed by many of 
our best citizens, who feeling the burdens of the late 
War, and other drafts on their resources, were unwilling 
to comply with the measure, but a majority ruled, and 
was done subsequently. Yankee enterprise took the case 
in hand, and raised a large amount by subscription which 
put the road in running order from Port Henry to Ti- 
conderoga ; cars were running in less than two years, from 
the time work was commenced on it. This short road, 
only some sixteen miles in length, already pays $12,000 
of our taxes; it is believed by many of our best men that 
the town bonds will prove a good investment for the 
town, and when the furnaces and Rail Road now in course 
of construction are completed, together with the mines, 
when worked, will pay one half of our taxes, besides 
giving employment to hundreds of laboring men, the 
entire year. The following named gentlemen contribu- 
ted the sums opposite their respective names. 

Charles F. Hammond & Sons, $12,500. 
E. S. Bogue, 3,000. 

Peniield & Harwood, 2,000. 

C. P. Fobes & Co., 1,000. 

J. C. Brevort, 500. 

C. P. Iron Co, 1,000> 

$20,000 



28 



State a,id being refused, and tlie counties sontli of us 
feeling little interest in the "Wliitehall and Plattsburg 
R. R, probably because they had a railroad of their own, 
and that was enough, consequently the Whitehall and 
Plattsburg R. R. was leased to the Vermont Central in 

1871. They bridged the Lake at Ticonderoga and built 
a branch R. R., from the Lake to Licester Junction. 
Opening a communication between Port Henry and 
Boston, and also to New York, by a roundabout way 
through Yermont. The New York and Canada R. R. 
was surveyed in 1871 and work w^as commenced. On 
account of its close proximity to the "Whitehall & Platts- 
burg R, R., from Ticonderoga to Port Henry, the N. Y. 
& Canada R. R., bought the lease and consolidated by 
a special act of the JST. Y. Legislature in 1873. 

Charles F. Hammond sold his interest to J. & T. 
Hammond in 1866. E. S. Bogue, Penfield & Harwood 
sold their respective interests to J. & T. Hammond in 

1872. The present Crown Point Iron Company was 
formed, in Oct., 1872, with a cash capital of $1200,000. 



CHAPTER Yin. 



A view of the mines and siuToiuiding sceneiy. — A fancy Rail Road ride from 
tlie mines to the Lake.— The improvements and prospects of tlie town. 
— Universal improvements. — The effects of science, and the conclusion. 

Dear reader, a person is well paid in taking a trip to 
the Adirondacks, and stand at the mines which is a splen- 
did place to view the scenery for miles around; think of 
the past and take observations. Here are some three 
hundred men employed in raising L'on ore, one half of 
them perhaps, far down in the mines under our feet, and 
others at the mouths of the shafts. Powerful steam en- 



29 



glues are raising tlie ore from the mines as fast as it m 
ready for its assent. Here is also a beautiful young vil- 
lage, built expressly for the use of the miners; north and 
west of us are the high and barren mountain peaks made 
bare first by the woodman's ax, and then by subsequent 
fires. South of us, and in plain sight, there is another 
party of miners at work on the northern declivity of a 
sister mountain, raising iron ore for the Ticoderoga Co.; 
numerous other beds have been opened in the vicinity, 
which proves that the entire region around us an immense 
de^iosit of mineral wealth; and on the east of us stands 
old Nob mountain with lofty brow far, above all the others. 
It seems like a lonely sentinel guarding the immense 
wealth wliich lies at its feet. Here are massive piles of 
rich ore recently torn from the bowels of the moun- 
tains, which soon must take its leave of its kindred ele- 
ment, and be manufactured into various shapes and uses 
for the benefit of civilization, in every part of the globe. 
From this standpoint the rail road takes its start for the 
Lake, and the new furnaces. But as the new rail-road is 
not quite completed we shall be obliged to take the fancy 
train from here to the Lake, and here it comes — we are 
now on board the cars, and under way, we shall stop a 
minute or so at the principal stations on the way; how 
still and easy these cars run, and the engine makes no 
noise at all, here on our left are the ruins of an old fur- 
nace, wliich was built by the old Crown Pomt L'on Co., 
in 1S45, and run by that company some 26 years or 
more with good success, but as fuel became scarce was 
allowed to run down, and since then has been consumed 
by fire; its principal business was the manufacturing of 
pig iron. We are now passing through an uneven 
country, with a few good farmers where the inhabitants 
are both industrious and pros]^ering. Irondale, the Con- 



30 



diictor says ; this is a pleasant little "sallage whicli is owned 
by the present Crown Point Iron company, its principal 
business manufacturing bloom iron. We are off again, 
this old and dilapidated village on our left, is Buck Hol- 
low ; it was once the most business place in Crown 
Point. . This fine establishment on our right is the resi- 
dence of Helan Buck; that lofty eminence on our left and 
about one mile away, is the old Khoades Hill, where our 
liistory began. We are now swinging around the north 
side of the Army Hill, where we have a fine pros- 
pect of the north part of the town, the Lake and Ver- 
mont. Bradford Corners, the Conductor says ; this is a 
beautiful situation, but the rail-road hurts the looks of it 
very much, and takes some of his best land from him, 
but he has enough left yet, to work himself to death ou» 
We are off again, passing through some good farms and 
over some deep gulfs, but the road is perfectly smooth, 
till we hear the Conductor say Hammonds Corners; this 
is a nice little village with a fine brick church, a splendid 
park, a soldier's monument, which was the gift of one 
individual, to perpetuate the memory of the brave boys 
who for their country fell. We have come to a perfect 
stand-still, but we are on the temperance side of Vial's 
Hotel. 

I have endeavored to fulfill my promise to the reader 
in showing him Crown Point as it was seventy three 
years ago, and picture out to him some of the hardsliips 
and sufferings of the iidiabitants and early pioneers of 
this town according to the best of my abilities. Also its 
rise and progress from time to time as things transpired, 
and some of the principle causes thereof. 

And as there never was an efifect without a cause, I 
will endeavor to show him some of the principle causes 
of its present appearance and future prospects at the 



31 



present clay. As the past has been explained I will speak 
of the present and the future; there are immense depos- 
its of iron ore of the best quality known to exist, at the 
mines among the Adirondacks, is the first cause. The 
second is we have a few enterprising men among us who 
are determined to develop their wealth and make them 
useful to the world at large; for this purpose there aie 
two immense Furnaces now being built at the Lake, and 
a rail road from the furnaces to the mines, a distance of 
13 miles for the express purpose to convey the ores from 
the mines to the furnaces, and to the Lake. 

There is also a canal some forty rods long from the 
Lake extending inland to the Furnaces, to facilitate the 
mammoth enterprise. And the question comes up where 
are the men, and who is the man, that keeps this mighty 
wheel in motion and employs 800 laborers daily, who 
are well paid for their services. The answer is, it is 
through the indefatigable energy and enterprise of Gen. 
John Hayimond. 

But let it be understood, that these blessings are not 
all confined to Crown Point, alone, or to any particular 
locality. Some of them are the productions of scienti- 
fic men, in different parts of the globe, but mostly in 
our own county. When I meditate on the great change 
that has taken place since my remembrance, I become 
lost in wonder, and turn my attention to some other sub- 
ject. It seems as .though man had almost aspired to be 
a Deity ; he has called the lightnings down from the 
clouds, and caged them up in bottles, he has harnessed 
them up, and made them do the office of our post boys. 
He has called down the Sun beams and made them paint 
our pictures for us, he has analized the air, he has meas- 
ured the depth of the ocean, he has bound the earth in 
iron bands and a girdle of electricity encircles the globe. 



32 



And wliat is done in one liemispliere is immediately 
known in another. And at tliis time they liave crafts 
ah-eady made, to navigate mid air to other continents ; 
and with the same ratio of progress for the next century 
as in the past, he will have the most essential powers of 
nature under his control!. My story is told, I was only 
about four years old when I introduced myself to the 
reader, and now at the age of seventy-two years I leave 
him and hid him a long and pleasant good bye. 

SAMUEL S. SPAITLDING. 
Crown Point, N. Y., Sept. 24th., 1873 



■^g ■ <• ^ ii> fl' 



The Assessors Eoll of Crown Point in 1818, was as 
follows. 

Keal Estate, $81,155 

Personal Property, 20,063 . 

And the Tax was, 661:,18 

ISTames of the taxable Inhabitants at that date. 



Armstrong, Jewit 
Allen, Benjamin 
Adkins, George 
Amy, Abraham 
Austin, Rodman 
Bigalow, John 
Bigalow, Eben 
Butter field, Stephen 
Burrows Wm. L. 
Brooks, Daniel 
Bradford, Simon 
Bascom, Daniel 
Barnett, James H. 



Adams, Levi 
Adkins, Seth 
Allen, David 
Amy, John 
Abbot, Obed 
Bigalow, Amos 
Bigalow, Levi 
Bishop, John F. 
Brooks, Jonathan 
Bouge, Ethan 
Blackman, John 
Breed, Allen 
Balou, George 



33 



Barrit, Nathan 
Boyingtoii, Joel 
Barnett, Asa W. 
Bennet, Lewis L. 
Burdet, Israel 
Ohilcott, Amos 
Cobiirn, Charles 
Cliapin, Aaron 
Chapin, Justice 
Nichols, Asa 
Nichols, Zadock 
Nichols, Amasa 
Nichols, Aaron Cedar 
Nims, Bufus 
Ober, Israel 
Ober, Benjamin 
Berkins, Wm. 
Bhillips, Amaziah 
Bhipin, Clark 
Bhoacls, Levi 
Beed, George 
Eogers, Daniel 
Bogers, John 
Simond, B. Nathan 
Stowel, Boyal 
Shattnck, Samnel 
Stratten, Benjamin 
Seaver, Berly 
Sisson, John J. 
Chapman, Calvin 
Chellis, Abraham 
Converse, Elijah 
Cutter, Jonas 
Chapin, Edmond B. 



Barrit, Beuhen 
Barrows, Samuel 
Butterfield, Wilder 
Burrows, Jesse 
Chilcott, John 
Chilcott, Abijali 
Cummings, Thoma^ 
Chapin, Justine 
Cooper, Zebade 
Nichols, Asa 2d 
Nichols, Albe 
Nichols, John 
Nichols, Aaron, Sugar Hill, 
Ober, Samuel 
Ober, John 
Bulcifer, Amos 
Bickett, W. John 
Bhillips, Reuben 
Bhoads, Elisha 
Renne, John 
Russel, Wm. 
Bussel, Nehemiah 
Smith, Benjamin 
Stowel, Asa 
Stowel, David 
Sprague, Nathan 
Searl, Joseph 
Sisson, John 
Sawyer, Ephraim 
Chellis, John 
Converse, Josiali 
Cole, Amos 
Cram, Amos 
Clark, Abraham 



34 



Grossman, John 
Grossman, Ira 
Dudey, James 
Drake, David 
Drake, Joseph 
Davis, Elijah 
Dibble, John 
Davis, Hammond 
Fuller, Joseph 
Farnsaworth, Thomas 
Farewell, Jesseniah 
Foot, Samuel J, 
Gedding, John 
Griswoold, Jonas B. 
Grosvenor, Elijah 
Hews, Barney 
Hildreth, Leonard 
Hustice, Benjamin B. 
Huestice, Timothy 
Hildreth, James 
King, John 
Kellog, Sylvester 
Lamson, Stephen 
Livingstone, Wm. 
Lyon, Jesse 
Lamson, Horace 
Magowan, Berny 
Magennis, John 
Murdoch, Samuel 
Nichols, Andi-ew 
Newel, Wm. 
Nelson, Wm. 
Stratton, Jabes 
Scoot, Isaac 



Grossman, Elijah 
Gatlin, John B. 
Drake, David 
Drake, David 
Dunlap, Horace 
Davis, Daniel R. 
Davis, Willard 
Edmund, Stephen 
Foster, Franklin M. 
Fuller, Aron 
Foot, Samuel 
Field, Kodophus 
Glidding, Thomas 
Griswoold, Alexander 
Hunter, Stephen 
Hopldns, Ebenezer 
Hildreth, Jeremiah 
Hustice, Wm. B. 
Holden, Joshua 
Jenks, Jeremiah 
Kemp, O. P. 
Lewis, James 
Lamson, Ezekiel 
Lamson, Elder 
Lane, Henry G. 
Meritt, Joseph 
Makenzie, Robert 
Munroe, Royal 
McAUy, Susan 
Miles, Spaulding 
Newel, Seth 
Newel, Joshua 
Scott, Thomas 
Turner, Thomas 



35 



Taft, Timothy 
Thompson, Amos 
Trimble, A. Ohiloii 
Willcox, Asa 
"Willcox, Phineas 
"Wilder, Daniel 
Wilkins, Isaac 
Wright, Peter 
Lockwood, Joseph 
Maynard, Abner 
Smith, Reuben 
Rowley, Henry 
Bartlet, Moses 
Morse, Benjamin 
Town, Silas 
Barker, Samuel 
Lamson, Enos "estate" 
Joshua, Holden 



Towner, Ephraim 
Tuttle, Harvey 
Townsend, Aaron 
Wood, Abel 
Walker, James 
Ward, Roswell 
Wheeler, E. Aaron 
Witherbee, Thomas 
Maynard, Heman 
Smith, James 
Town, Joseph 
Rowley, Hiram 
Mclntyre, Mosea 
Town, Ira 
Quartemas, Martin 
Reed, Benjamin 
Smith, Samuel 
Treadway, William 



The Assessor's EoU of Crown Point in 1835, was as follows: 

Valuation of Eeal Estate, $91,361 
" Personal Property $4,800 
The Tax was $750,22 

Names of the taxable inhabitants at that date ; 



Adkins, George Austin, James 
Ai-mstrong, Martin Armstrong, Jewet 
Alden, William Avrel, Samuel 



Barnett, Jedediah 
Barnett, James 
Baldwin, John 
Burwell, John 



Benedict, Jonas 
Breed, Allen 
Burge, Nancy 
Barret, Joseph 



Adams, Levi 
Aldin, Milo 
Allen, Benjamin 
Ballon, Amos 
Ballon, Hiram 
Barker, Samuel 
Barret, Reuben 



36 



Bixby, Jacob 
Ballou, George 
Bishop, John F. 
Bradford, Otis 
Barret, Luciau 
Bigelow, John 
Bishop, Gerome 
Brown, Forrest 
Breed, Foster 
Brooks, Jonathan 
Barrows, John 
Clark, Stilhnan 
Chilcott, John 
Coburn,Charles 
Cross, Warren 
Cram, Asa 
Conn, George jr. 
Davis, Calvin 
Davis, Hammond 
Davis, Bradley M. 
Douglass, Jona. 
Drake, Lyman 
Drake, David 
Ewen, John T. 
Farr, Abijah 
Foster, Moses 
Giddmgs, John 
Griswould, Alex'r 
Glidden, Asahel 
Gray, Osro P, 
Hunter, Stephen 
Hodgman, Thos. 
Howe, Lemuel D. 
Howe, Juba 
Hascall, Libeas 
Heustice, Timothy 
Hildrith, Norman 



Boyington, Joel 
Bigalow, Eben 
Breed, Jonathan I 
Bradford, Enos 
Barnett, Asa W. 
Buckmau, Silas 
Breed, Allen 
Bartlet, Eumanas 
Barker & Fenton, 
Bailey, Abel 
Baker, George 
Crossman, Ira 
Call, Luther 
Cory, Lewis 
Converse, Josiah 
Cummings, Leon. 
Crossman, Aburn 
Davis, Elisha 
Davis, Orson 
Dibble, Thomaa 
Dean, Timothy 
Drake, Lyman 
Dike, Franklin F. 
Foot, Samuel 
Farnsworth, Thos , 
Floyd, John 
Gracy, Robert 
Gileo, Nichols 
Gibson, Gabriel 
Gracy, James 
Hutchison, James 
Hildrith, Hollis 
Hughes, Bernard 
Howe, Heniy 
Holden, Joshua 
Heustice, Benj. 
Hodgeman, Tim. 



Barrows, Zoraster 
Brooks, John B. 
Breed, Jared 
Brooks & Floyd, 
Barber, James 
Buck, Hiram 
Brown, George 
Brooks, Daniel 
Bradford, Orren 
Barrows, Henry 
Bailey, Samuel B, 
Cross, William 
Chilcott, Abijah 
Cleavelaud, Daniel 
Chapin, Aaron 
Cutter, Charles 
Dunkley, Lucius 
Drake, Stephen 
Davis, Benjamin S. 
Duelley, Ezra 
Derby, Lemuel 
Davis, Henry 
Edmunds, Afred A, 
Fisher, Leonard 
Fuller, Aaron 
Fenton, Chauncey 
Goodrich, Elijah 
Glidden, Josiah 
Gunnison, George 
Groves, John 
Hale, Henry 
Hildrith, Thomas 
Hammond, Cha's F, 
Hammonds & Co. 
Heustice, Daniel 
Heustice, Daniel D, 
Ingalls, Samuel H. 



37 



Ingalls, Hibbard 
Jackson, Elias 
Kibby, Arrial A. 
King, John jr. 



Jencks, Jeremiali 
Knowls, Artliur 
Kendal, Caleb 
Lane, Robert 



Mamson, Stephen Lock, John M. 

Leeland, Martin Lawrence, Jedediah 

Mason, Lorenzo Morton, Lym'n & L 

McAully, Susan Mills, Williana 

Maginis, Jolin Murdock, Samuel 

Murdock, Sam'l jr Moore, John 

Moore, William Moore, John E. 

Mclntyre, Abijali McAully, Smith 

Morgan,Eoswell H. Mott, John R. 

Nichols, Aiiiasa Nickerson, Amos 



Kilson, Aaron 
Nichols, Zadock 
Nichols, Asa 
Pond, Benager 
Pulsifer, Amos 
Philips, Harvey 
Prible, Paris I. 
Petty, John 
Rogers, John 
Rhoades, Levi 
Reed, Harris 



Nil son, William 
Newell, Joshua 
Ober, John 
Perkins, William 
Parmerter, Jacob J 
Penfleld & Taft, 
Potter, Moses 
Petty, Solomon 
Russell, Hubbard 
Rhoades, Elisha 
Reed, Poster 



Russell, Samuel (Black-smith) Russell, 
Rogers, Daniel Rogers, Ward 

Smith, Frederick Sprague, Nathan 
Spaulding, Samuel Stiles, Samuel 
Stanard, Joel Searls, Joseph 

Spaulding& Hatch, Sawyer, Abel 
Sisson, John Sturtefant, Alex S. 

Stratten, Amos Spaulding, L'a 
Simmonds, Hiram Spaulding, S'n 2d 



Smith, Austin 
Sprague, Hiram 
Stanton, Amos 



Shattuck, Weston 
Stanton, James 
Spear, Alden 



Johnson, Timothy 
Kuowlton, Thomas. 
King, John 
Lewis, Samuel 
Livingston, Wm. 
Morton, Joel 
. Morton, Loyal 
Maginis, Aaron 
Murdock, James 
Moore, Levi 
Mclntyre, Micager 
Monroe, Loyal 
Nichols, Aaron 
Nims, Rufus 
Nilson & Allen 
Newell, William 
Ober, Joseph 
Porter, William 
Pressy, John 
Philips, Ameziab 
Prible, Abraham 
Pratt, Charles 
Russell, Jonathan 
Reed, Randal 
Renne, John 
Samuel (Inn-keeper) 
Smith, Phineas 
Spaulding, Miles 
Spaulding, Caleb 
Searls, Ransom 
Sisson, Hiram 
Sawyer, Chan'y P. 
Spaulding, Stephen 
Simons, N. T. 
Strong, Colburn 
Stanton, Elisha 
Stowel, Royal 



38 



Stowel, David Scofield, William 

Towner, Ephraim Towner, Bphrim I. 
Towner, Ira Towner, Benj. F. 

Town, Silas Town, Job 

Trimble <fc Murdock, Thompson, Oka 
Taylor, John Trimble, Chilon A. 

Titus, William Taylor, Daniel 

TownsendjMoses B. Townsead, Aaron B. 
Tyrell & Chipman, Tyrill, James 
Wolcott, Ariel Wood, Jotham 



Wheeler, Aaron 
Whitman, Benj. 

Wolcott, Moses 
Wilder & Gray, 



Woodworth, John 
Whitman,Chaiincey 
Wright, Peter 
Wilder, Joseph T. 



Witherbee, Thomas Witherbee & Wood 



Towner, Shaler 
Townei-, Ichabod A. 
Thi-asher, Henry 
Train, Jonathan 
Thompson, George 
Trimble, George 
Turner, Septamus 
Townsend, John 
Wood, Abel 
Wallace, John I. 
Wilkins, Isaac 
Wright, Samuel 
Wallace, John 
Wrightonton, Geo. 
Wright & Eaton, 



The Assessor's Eoll of Crown Point in 1872, was as follows 

Valuation of Eeal Estate $436,716 
Personal " $38,750 

The Tax was $12,643,83 

Names of taxable Inhabitants at this date : 

Averel, Charles Averel, Samuel Adkms, Owen H. 

Allen, John Allen, Solomon 

Avery, Horatio Abeare, Antoine 

Allen, William Breed, Eleazer 

Breed, William Breed, Foster 

Bevins, Benj. L. Breed, Benjamin 

Bamett, Edward J. Broughton, Darwin Burdict, John C. 

Bigalow, Daniel Barker, Samuel H Bradford, Otis 

Brown, George Barker, Elmore Barker & Wyman 

Brevoort, Julius C Bascom, D. W. Baldwin, Philo 

Bigalow, Augustus Bradford, Enos Bradford, Aldiu 



Allen, Leander A. 
Abbott, Seth 
Bamett, Hyde R. 
Bamett, James K. 
Barnett, George 



39 



Brooks, Daniel 
Buck, Hiram 
Bowman, Ann 
Bradford, Stewart 
Bryden, James 
Brooks, Erving 
Breed, Jon. I. 
Boyington, Charles 
Bigalow, Levi 
Bigalow, Calvin 
Baldwin, John 
Brown & Rhoades 
J?aldwin, Wm. 
barton, Wm. A. 
5unel, Alonzo M. 
Buck,He.&Al. 
Blossom, Eliza 
Grossman, A. S. 
Capron, Welc. D. 
Cheney, Hiram 
Chapman, Geo. E. 
Clough, Edwin 
Cook, Wm. H. 
Cobum, /ames A. 
Clough, Philip 
Cowin, /ames 
Crown Point I. Co. 
Davis, /ames 
Dwinel, Nehemiah 
Dudley, /ames 
Davis, /oseph 
Dahar, Mitchell 
Depoutee, Dennis 
DeWolf, Charles 
Fobes, Cyrus P. 
French, Isaac 
Friend, Farewell 



Brooks, Jon. H. 
Bogue, Edwin S. 
Barrows, Daniel 
Bennett, Sophia 
Bly, Norman 
Brooks, Wm. 
Breed, Sarah Ann 
Burrows, John 
Brooks, J ohn B. 
Barnett, Wm. 
Buckman, Ahira 
JBailey, Hilah 
BxiYgj, James 
Bell, Philo H. 
bailey, Abel H. 
Bradford, Wesley 



Bigelow, Charles 
Barrows, William 
Barnett, Meicia I. 
Babcock, Sarah 
Bradford, Orren 
Barret, Alvin & Reu. 
Baldwin, Martin 
Baldwin, Ezra H. 
Bell, Charles 
Bushnell, Fred'k N 
Barnett, Joseph 
^artlett, Joseph 
barton, Augustus 
barton, Wm. H. 
jBascom, Chester 
Buck, Helon 



Buck, Almeda (Exr) Crossman, Wm. H. 
Crossman, Samuel Curut, Wm. 



Carlisle, Amasa 
Chapin, Justin 
Coburn, Frederick 
Crough, Lawrence 
Casey, Thomas 
Craw, Asa L. 
Crawford, /ames 
Cram, Wm. 
Dsvis, Martha M. 
Davis, Ozias S. 
Depoutee, A. Gr. 
Davis, Warren 
Depoutee, Moses 
Drake, Elijah 
Deshan, George 
Fenton, Chauncey 
Fobes, C. P. & Co. 
French, Stillman 
Fish, /S'amuel 



Carter, Jeremiah B. 
Carter, Leander 
Clune,Wm. 
Curtis, Amos 
Carr, Henry 
Cowin, Thomas 
Carrol, Dacy 
Champine, Francis 
Davis, Truman E. 
Dudley, Erving 
Dunckley, Charles 
Davis, Elisha 
Dudley, Chauncey 
Dolph, Sarah 
Dudley, Henry 
Fuller, William 
Floyd, William 
Farr, Elizabeth 
Fleming, Alexander 



40 



rioyd, Edwin, E. 
Fitcli, Alonzo 
Guuuison, George 
Gonyo, Peter 
Gracy, Robert 
Gileo, Fernando 
Garvey, Patrick 
Hunter, Theodore 



Fitcli, Hiram 
Freeman, Joseph 
Gunnison, William 
Gregoiy, George A. 
Gillet, Mark 
Gado, Eli 
Gray, George 
Hutchison, Adeline 



Heustice, Timothy Howe, Juba 
Hammond, Thos. Hammond, John 
Hammond, Chas.F, Heustice, Alpheus 
Hurlbert, Warner Heustice, Horace 



Hamilton, John 
Hamilton, Henry 
Hutchison, Wm. 
Hitt, Wm. G. 
Hunter, Mathew 
Horicon Iron Co. 
Hodskins, Milton 
Ingalls, Nathan 
Jordon, Edward 
Knapp, Bradford 
Knowles, Arthur 
Kellogg, James 
Kent, Enoch 



Hariugton, Einaldo 
Hammond, Mich'l 
Hogan, Patrick 
Hadley, Thomas 
Hunter, Alexr. 
Harwood, Van Ess 
Ingleston, Chaun. 
Ingalls, Harrison 
Kingsland, David 
King, Jonas 
Knights, Sydney 
Kellogg, Ephraim 
King, Albert 
La France, Joseph Lock, /Sophia 
Lamos, Moses, B. Lindsey, Robert D. 
Lavanway, Ransom La Mountain Elihu 



La Co, Edward 
Lane, john 
Lock, John M 
Lang, John 
Murdock, jas. a. 
Murdock, jos. B. 
McNeal, Isaac 



Lee, Benjamin 
Lavine, Joseph 
Little, john 
Lyford, John W. 
Murdock, F. S. 
Murdock, jas. 
MclsTeal, Chas. 



McAully, Norman Morse, Hull 
McDonough, And. Moore, Alvaris 



Fitch, Albert 
Goodrich, Joseph 
Goodale, Phebe 
Gay, Eugene 
Glidden, Joseph 
Graham, William 
Heustice, John 
Heustice, Calvin W. 
Holt, Eliza B. 
ilammond, J. & T. 
Hildrith, Hart'l H. 
Plarrington, Edson 
Hunsden, John 
Hamilton, Arthur 
Holden, Joseph 
Hadley, iifelon 
Honsinger, Alvin 
Hitt, Elery 
Ingleston, Wm. 
James, Wm. 
King, John jr. 
King, Jonas G. 
Kelly, James 
Knowlton, Alfred 
Leland, Walter A. 
Lock, Alonzo 
Labombard, John 
Lock, Theodore 
Lock, Thomas B. 
Lock, John M. jr. 
Lawrence, james 
Murdock, 5^amuel 
Murdock, 8. A. 
Monty, Andrew 
Moore, Horace 
McDonough, Frank 
Moncreaf , Wm. 



41 



Mechiuiic, Jt)bii 

Miner, Joliu 

MecLani, Lawrence Mea,g]i.'i', John 

McHennisy, Pat'lc McAllister, B. VV. 

Moore, Mathevv Jr. Magiiiis, Jaines 

McDauiels, Wm. Moore, Hastini,' 



Mooney, Thomas 
Mullen, Patrick 
Moore, John 2nd 
Mclntyre, John 
Martin, Grilbert 
Mahler, John 
Nelson, Aaron 
Nedow, John 
01)er, Edwin 
Ober, John 
Pnk'ifor, Amos 
Pond, Oliver C. 
Pease, Clark 
Piilcifer, Mvron 



McAully, liandal S Moore, Viceroy 
Maginis, Stephen Maginis, Fanny 

McFarland, Mary A. 
Marsh & Gonld 
Maginis, Harrison 
Manvil, Harriet P. 
Mullen, Michael 
Mclntyre, Simeon 
Michiler. Peter 
Moore, Viceroy 2iid 
Morgan, Edward 
Newell, Hiram 
Nichols, Erie 
OIjcm", Stehliins 
Omahar, Timothy 
Okief, Sophronia 
Philips, John B. 
Provincher, Norbut 
Palmer, Alfred S. 
Pulcifer, William 
Potter, Arthuj- 
Preble, Anna 
Perkins, Isaiah 



Moore, James F. 
McCoughn, Daniel 
Moore, Henry 
McMurtry, James 
Mclntyre, Oliver 
Nims, Elijah B. 
Nichols, Ransom 
Osgood, John 
Ober, Hiram 
01)er, William 
Philips, James 
Page, Greorge 
Perkins, William 



Pulcifer, Loi-enzo 
Philps, Charles H. Philips, John 
Petty, Henry Perkins, John 

Petty, Alonzo Porter, David 

Puts' Point Trotting Park Association. Palmer, Alonzo 
Pigeon, Peter Peasley, Wm. Peck, Horace J. 

Penfield Hai'wood <k Company 
Riiy, Oliver Rex,A.See J.Howe 

Renne, Lewis Renne, James 

Russell, Isaac Russell, Hubbard 

Russell, Phebe A, Rhoades, Lucius 
Russell, Paris S. Shearer, Matilda & Mary 
Shearer, Benona Smith, Russ<'ll ('. Sprague, Thomas N 
Sprague, Esther F. Smith, Kli Savord, John 

Sage, Harvey Sellingham, Henry Sellingham, Lewis 

Smith, Nelson Stanton, Amos Smith, Betsy 

Searls, Nathn'l D. Searls, Theoren Sanborn, Delina 

Smith, Pxmjamin F. Spnulding, Zadock Strong, Edwin 



Penfield, Allen 
Robins, Leonord 
Russel, Sam'l (hotel) 
Russell, Nehemiah 
Rhoades, Louis 



Sprague, Samuel 
Starling, Calvin 
Stanton, Uriali 
/S^artwoll, Leonard 
/S'tratten, Mary J 



»S'panlding, S. S. 
Spauiding, Nelson 
Spaulding, La F. 
/S'towel, Horace 
Stiles, Benj. L. 
Smith, David K. 
Sisson, Geora-e 



Stanton, Elislia 

(S'tanton, Amariali 

Sprague, Orland 

Starling, Wni. H. 

Spaulding, Hi. D. 
Sage, Benjamin L. Stevens, Charles 
Spaulding, Sam . S. Spaidding, A. V. 
Smith, Caroline Sartwell, William, Shephei'd, Wai'ren 
Towner, Warren Triml)le, George Trimble, Charlott 
Townsend, M. B. Townsend, Aaron T. Taylor, Matilda 
Thompson, Rufus Thompson, Hepsy Thrasher, Wm. 
Tucker, Amelia Taylor, Robert M 
Thompson, Alex. Towner, John 
Trainer, James Turner, Septinuis 
Towner,Ephrairn J. Town, Selas 



Town, Seth 
Thompson, D. A. 
Taft, James 
Vorce. Lewis B. 
Wood, John H. 



Thrasher, 0. F. 

Town, Daniel J. 

Taft, Henry 

Towner, Ephraim 
Thrasher, Jane Town, Harris 

Thompson, Geo. H. Thompson, Amos D. 
Turner, Hiram F. Vial, Alanson 

Waterman, Chas. 

Waterman, Robert 

Washburn, Chas. M. 

Winters, Horatio 



Vilmore, Nelson 

Waterman, Albert 
Waterman, A. & R. Warner, Franklin 
Wood, Ashley Wood, Harvey 

Wyman, Nahum R Wy man, Henry E. Wyman,Wm. W 
Wright, Hiram Wait, Otes Ward, Elias 

Warner, Sanuiel 

Wells, Almou 

Wright, Susan 

Wood, Hapik)na 

Wells Henry, D. 

Witherel, James 



Whipple, Wm. 

Webster, Jared 

Wood, Horatio 

Wolcott, Samuel 

Wolcott, Judson 

Wood, Russell 

Whitehall .^- Plattsburgh R. R. 

Wait. Frank 



Worcester, Francis 
Wolcott, Ariel (est.) 
Wolcott, Mary. A. 
Wyman, Daniel 
Winters, Samuel 
Wolcott, Roger A. 
Ward, John 



The reader will perceive, bv examining the three Assess- 
ment Roll's, that only three persons paid a tax each lime, viz: 
John Ober. Amos Pulcifer, ^ Ephraim Towner. 

Mr. Towner was assessed in 1872, but died before the tax 
was collected. Mr. John Ober is no»v(Nov. 20, 1878) the only 
survivor of the three. 



. /, 



cj (T? V • (^ CMC cj:<^<: cgrc :^ <c ^€C o 



dci 



:cjc:<« 









c:c c d 

:CO,C <iC^ 



< CSC; CC; C-^ICCLCJ 

< cm^ ^rc: ^sccjc 






cs:.: csic 

■dt' <cc 
CS; ; <cic . 

dec '0-- 
Cicc <s^ 

CXc ■ <C( 






c cc: creeds 

-^ V oi ciccc:^,' 



dc ■ c: 

ic C C 



^ cc cccccL c, ^< c cc. «:: 

CC ccXlCC c cc cf ' <CZ- 

cic: ^<(X:C^ c -■ €<:<::■ '^i' c:: 

Cic' mode: €cx^.<::'C: 
(Oti; cCcroCc c (fcc:^ CC; 
(KC <cc:cc: c <^ ctciC'' 

- cctx:: «5:c<::c. <:;cfcc c:c:: 
■csjc:: ■■^^-vcr. ■ c'c^jc^/ c:^ 

cccc:'^ dcO'ca < 
ccc:: V- c]<3cc::: ^c cc 

CCC:CA ^^..OiKL-Cc:'^ <s 
GOC'-.: cCjC^S^C^c c<:c 



C CCCC5C 
C <:a:c 
c: C(x:c' 
<^c <<:cc 
ac Cccc 
CSC.: <s<x: 

CC' ,.<ICC.^ 

cc_ cxc 



Cl<I^c2^Cf 

<::?:c C.C- 



C excise ", <C 

. c:<jc:' - ccT' 

acicii cccc 
ccxdc: ccL« 
cc cd d <^- ^ 

cc:^^ d: .: ••c<r c 






CCcTfrcr ^, 






Cc/c > 












<C' c cr cr ^^<i2_ c;^"< ■ 


















c<c:^" ■«^'.:' cx c; .. c 

CTcc' dec*. ccr<rcoc 
(-.^ <:c: dccf c:'<r<rc\ • - 






LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



llllyllllll: II ill lit i ill Mil I III II 

014 224 015 4 • 



